Corresponds to the reading comprehension score point 5
Advertising
Noun
the activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial products or services.
Example: This craft inevitably required some sort of ADVERTISING as well as an organisation of a selling point.
es: Publicidad
Application
noun
a formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something, submitted to an authority, institution, or organization.
Example: The APPLICATION of the cognitive parading is a bit limited as its theory can be applied to relatively small number of purchasers.
es: Solicitud
Brand
noun
a type of product manufactured by a particular company under a particular name.
Example: The habit parading is discussed in the context of BRAND loyalty, usually in case of low involvement products such as food, but not only.
es: Marca
Business
noun
The term business refers to an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities. Businesses can be for-profit entities or they can be non-profit organizations that operate to fulfill a charitable mission or further a social cause. Businesses range in scale from sole proprietorships to international corporations and can range in size from small to large.
Example: This will be negotiated with the bank or other shareholders in the BUSINESS.
es: Negocio
Client
article
a person or organization using the services of a lawyer or other professional person or company.
Example: What aspects of CLIENT (customer) behaviour must an organisation such as Fujitsu understand in order to demonstrate a marketing orientation?
es: Cliente
Company
Article
a commercial business.
Example: The COMPANY aims to maintain production at a level of 90% for 15 weeks.
es: Empresa
Demand
Noun
Demand is an economic principle referring to a consumer's desire to purchase goods and services and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service. Holding all other factors constant, an increase in the price of a good or service will decrease the quantity demanded, and vice versa. Market demand is the total quantity demanded across all consumers in a market for a given good. Aggregate demand is the total demand for all goods and services in an economy. Multiple stocking strategies are often required to handle demand.
Example: This is why DEMAND for cheap battery farmed eggs remains high and is likely to stay this way. For example when buying mayonnaise few customers DEMAND to know what production systems are used to produce the eggs and information is not printed on the jars.
es: Demanda
Goods
noun
Goods are tangible items that can be used and stored. Businesses make goods and sell them to customers, who then own them.
Example: With respect to products what is made isn't the only important thing, how it's made and ensuring life and profitability of the product all tie in with product management which must be maintained as quality of GOODS and services can have a large effect on the companies brand name.
es: Bienes
Market
Articule
a regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities.
Example: The farm currently sells its eggs at Battery 42p per dozen (at a loss) Barn 57p per dozen Free-range 68p per dozen The prices fluctuate by a few pence every week, depending upon the MARKET.
es: Mercado
Marketing
noun
El marketing es la actividad, un conjunto de instituciones y procesos para crear, comunicar, entregar, e intercambiar ofertas que tienen valor para los consumidores, clientes, socios y la sociedad en general", según la definición del American Marketing Association de Estados Unidos
Example: One of the reasons why Manydown made the decision to open the own shop was as a method of MARKETING their beef produce.
es: Marketing
Packaging
noun
materials used to wrap or protect goods.
Example: Product: A successful product in the food retailing industry requires initial innovation, effective management, continual differentiation from competitors, attractive PACKAGING and clear benefits.
es: embalaje
Price
Articule
the amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something.
Example: When buying these chickens to put into your sheds, the PRICE for each bird will range from 50p to £2 each.
es: Precio
product
Articule
an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale.
Example: Is the PRODUCT in an area in which the target market have easy access to the PRODUCT.
es: Producto
Promotion
noun
activity that supports or encourages a cause, venture, or aim.
Example: The mechanical scarifying effect on seed coats by soil particles and plough may also be a factor in increased seed mortality or germination PROMOTION (HÃ¥kansson, 2003)
es: Promocion
Research
Noun
the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Example: There has been an increasing trend of RESEARCH focus on the investigation of allelopathic properties in weeds in rice fields in recent years.
es: Investigar
Rivalry
Sustantivo
competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field.
Example: Imperialism was often the exclusive prerogative of a small group of elites, but when the issue of national pride was at stake, and RIVALRY ensued, the public could often be aroused into supporting imperialist policies (clearly seen in the example of France.) Germany's aggressive 'Weltpolitik' (World policy) to secure her 'place in the sun' was an extension of the Anglo-German RIVALRY towards the end of the nineteenth century. Perhaps it can be suggested that, the above arguments regarding economic and cultural aspects were merely the manifestation of the broader concept of European RIVALRY.
es: Rivalidad
Sales
Noun
Una venta es una transacción entre dos o más partes en la que el comprador recibe bienes, servicios o activos tangibles o intangibles a cambio de dinero. En algunos casos, otros activos se pagan a un vendedor . En los mercados financieros, una venta también puede referirse a un acuerdo que un comprador y un vendedor hacen con respecto al precio de un valor.
Example: Again, referring to limitations, it may be an idea to try and grasp an understanding of a total volume of chocolate SALES (e.g. by bar) rather than looking at total expenditure - again, this would give a valuable insight into the current confectionary market for Sainsbury's.
es: Ventas
Service
noun
A service in a set of activities that seek to satisfy the needs of a client.
Example: The farm has managed to distinguish itself from other competition in the market by offering a unique SERVICE and providing something a bit different. The area that the farm is situated in suggests that there will continue to be demand fro Christmas trees and the SERVICE the farm offers.
es: Servicio
Supply
Noun
quantity of goods or services that producers are willing to sell to consumers under market conditions.
Example: Otherwise excess demand or excess SUPPLY occurs and leads to a waste of resources and decrease in revenue.
es: Suministro
Technology
noun
A set of instruments, technical resources or procedures used in a specific field or sector.
Example: One recent attempt which would be practical is an airtight bin constructed in ferrocement TECHNOLOGY.
